Five novel heteropolyacid-based ionic liquids [BSbBim]4SiW12O40(4a), [BSbBim]3PW12O40(4b), [BSbBim]3PMo12O40(4c), [CMbBim]4SiW12O40(5) and [BbBim]4SiW12O40 (6) were synthesized by reaction of heteropolyacid and [BSbBim](1), [CMbBim]Cl(2), [BbBim]Br(3), which were prepared from 1-butyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR. Oxidation of cyclohexene to adipic acid with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by 4~6 were investigated. And the results showed that 4b has the best catalytic activity. The yield of adipic acid was up to 71% under the optimized conditions that cyclohexene was 20 mmol, 4b was 0.16 mmol, n(cyclohexene) : n(H2O2) : n(ILs)=1 :4.4 :0.008.